Causes

The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, although many studies suggest that genes play a role: ADHD is known to “run in families” and progress is being made in identifying the genetic components involved.

It is also possible that ADHD may result from environmental factors – things that are in the world around us. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and drinking alcohol during early pregnancy have been associated with ADHD.

In addition, researchers are looking at how brain injuries might contribute to ADHD. People who have suffered a brain injury may show some behaviours similar to those of ADHD. However, only a small percentage of people with ADHD have suffered a traumatic brain injury.

It may also be helpful to note that there is little evidence that sugar causes ADHD; it is not necessary to eliminate it from the diet. A healthcare professional may advise that parents or caregivers keep a food and drink diary if they have noticed a clear link between the child’s sugar intake and hyperactive behaviour.

Whatever the cause of ADHD, management and treatment of symptoms can improve the lives of those with the disorder.